A road sign warns drivers of weather conditions in downtown Washington, DC October 28, 2012 ahead of Hurricane Sandy's landfall. (EVA HAMBACH/AFP/Getty Images)
NEW YORK -- Hurricane Sandy bore down on the Eastern Seaboard's largest cities Monday, forcing the shutdown of mass transit, schools and financial markets, sending coastal residents fleeing, and threatening a dangerous mix of high winds, soaking rain and a surging wall of water up to 11 feet tall.
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The massive storm's impact on some 50 million residents was fueling both apprehension and urgency.
Sandy strengthened before dawn and stayed on a predicted path toward Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia and New York - putting it on a collision course with two other weather systems that would create a superstorm with the potential for havoc over 800 miles from the East Coast to the Great Lakes. About 2 to 3 feet of snow were even forecast for mountainous parts of West Virginia.
The center of the storm was positioned to come ashore Monday night in New Jersey, meaning the worst of the surge could be in the northern part of that state and in New York City and on Long Island. Higher tides brought by a full moon compounded the threat to the metropolitan area of about 20 million people.
"This is the worst-case scenario," said Louis Uccellini, environmental prediction chief for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Early Monday the Coast Guard was responding to a distressed vessel with 17 people aboard approximately 90 miles southeast of Hatteras N.C. The replica of the tall ship made famous in the film "Mutiny on the Bounty" was taking on water, officials said.
Responsible for at least 66 deaths in Cuba, Haiti and the Bahamas, Sandy - with a 520-mile diameter - is one of the largest ever potential storms to hit the U.S. according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The storm was churning north Monday morning at 14 mph, still about 280 miles east of North Carolina's coast at 2 a.m. ET.
It began its turn towards the north after midnight, driving towards coastal areas after battering popular tourist spots with heavy winds and rains. The storm is expected to bring 50 to 75 mph winds, up to 10 inches of rain and potential snowfall of up to two feet over 14 states beginning late Monday afternoon or early evening, when its expected to hit land somewhere between Delaware and New York's Long Island.
Craig Fugate, administrator for the federal Emergency Management Agency, said Monday the agency has stationed teams from North Carolina to Maine and in states as far inland as West Virginia.
"We've been moving generators, basic supplies, we would need after the storm," he said.
Fugate said he was worried about people evacuating ahead of storm surges.
First there will be the coastal impact, then the wind knocking out power and then heavy rain and flash flooding, he said, adding "we don't want people to think it's not that bad when it comes ashore."
Storm surges of up to 11 feet prompted mandatory weekend evacuations in low-lying parts of New York, New Jersey, Maryland and Delaware. High-wind watches and flood warnings are in effect for all the Mid-Atlantic states and southern New England, where Sandy was expected to barrel through Wednesday.
The New York Stock Exchange reversed course and dropped its plan to have electronic trading Monday as Hurricane Sandy churned closer to New York City. Exchange officials also said the market might also close on Tuesday.
"We support the consensus of the markets and the regulatory community that the dangerous conditions developing as a result of Hurricane Sandy will make it extremely difficult to ensure the safety of our people and communities, and safety must be our first priority" the stock exchange said in a formal announcement. "We will work with the industry to determine the next steps in restoring trading as soon as the situation permits."
Airlines at five major East Coast airports canceled more than 7,000 flights, schools across the region canceled classes and mass transit systems shut down, with scuttled train, bus and light-rail service adding to a potential commuter nightmare.
Two cold fronts to the west and north were on a collision course with Sandy, threatening to turn the massive storm system into a nor'easter, ushering in freezing temperatures in some regions and blanketing areas of West Virginia and other states with knee-deep snow.
President Obama, following a meeting with Federal Emergency Management Agency officials, approved New York state's request for federal emergency status, freeing up federal resources for disaster relief. The state is in the cross-hairs of Sandy's path.
New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg ordered evacuations for an estimated 375,000 people in some low lying areas starting Sunday at 7 p.m. New York Gov. Andrew Cuomo ordered the city's transit service to suspend bus, subway and commuter rail service. The city's mass transit system is the nation's largest - the subway alone has a daily ridership of more than 5 million.
Obama warned residents of the region to the storm "very seriously." The visit to FEMA included a conference call with governors and mayors of vulnerable states and cities. "Anything they need, we will be there," Obama said. "And we're going to cut through red tape."
Governors from North Carolina to Connecticut declared states of emergency.
- In Virginia, where several colleges and school districts canceled classes through Tuesday, Gov. Bob McDonnell authorized up to 750 National Guard members to assist with the storm. In Delaware, Gov. Jack Markell ordered mandatory evacuations for an estimated 50,000 residents of coastal communities. Collin O'Mara, secretary of the Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control, said Sandy could unleash record waves and tidal flooding along the coast."The potential on this is greater than the defenses that we have in most places," O'Mara said.
- New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie declared a state of emergency and ordered Atlantic City casinos evacuated - just the fourth time the city's 12 casinos had been shut since legalized gambling began 34 years ago. Christie warned state residents to be prepared for several days without electricity.
- Connecticut Gov. Dannel Malloy warned that storm surges could be the worst the state has seen in almost 75 years and urged residents along the shorelines of several cities and towns to heed evacuation orders.
Most airlines planned to cancel all flights into and out of the three major New York City area airports Sunday night and not resume service until Tuesday. Most carriers were also suspending all flights into and out of Philadelphia as well as Washington D.C's Reagan National and Dulles International airports Sunday evening. Amtrak was canceling train service to parts of the East Coast, including between Washington, D.C., and New York.
The storm's landfall along the Mid-Atlantic coast "would likely be a billion-dollar disaster," Weather Underground meteorologist Jeff Masters said. He also noted that the full moon will occur Monday, which means astronomical tides will be at their peak for the month, increasing potential storm surge flooding.
With just a few days left in what's shaped up as a tight election, Sandy was forcing Obama and Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney to adjust campaign plans. In battleground states where the hurricane is likely to collide with a cold front to form a freak hybrid storm, Sandy "will throw havoc into the race, said Virginia Sen. Mark Warner.
Obama canceled campaign stops Monday in Virginia and Tuesday in Colorado to monitor the storm but planned to go forward with other events Monday in Florida and Ohio. Romney canceled three scheduled Sunday stops in Virginia on Sunday, opting instead to campaign in Ohio before heading Monday to Wisconsin.
Vexing both candidates: bad weather that could hinder early voting. efforts throughout the East Coast. "Obviously, we want unfettered access the polls, because we think the more people that come out, the better we're going to do," said Obama adviser David Axelrod. "To the extent that it makes it harder, that's a source of concern."
Meanwhile, the American Red Cross was readying shelters, volunteers and supplies to help coastal areas from Virginia to New England. "We want to make sure we're ready to spring into action as soon as we're needed," spokeswoman Anne Marie Borrego says.
FEMA also sent liaison officers to emergency-operations centers in Maryland, Virginia, Washington, D.C., Pennsylvania, New York and New Jersey.
The Defense Department has sent officers to deploy with the FEMA teams to coordinate possible search-and-rescue missions.
Storm surge remains one of the biggest threats from the storm: Data from CoreLogic show that more than 261,000 homes are at risk.
"This will be a long-lasting event, with two to three days of impact," says James Franklin, branch chief of the National Hurricane Center. "Wind damage, widespread power outages, inland flooding and storm surge are all likely."
In an alert reminiscent of an ominous one that came out ahead of Hurricane Katrina's landfall on the Gulf Coast, the National Weather Service issued a statement that said, "If you are reluctant (to evacuate), think about your loved ones. Think about the emergency responders who will be unable to reach you when you make the panicked phone call to be rescued. Think about the rescue/recovery teams who will rescue you if you are injured or recover your remains if you do not survive."
A man sits on a railing at Rockaway Beach Boulevard ahead of Hurricane Sandy on October 29, 2012 in the Queens borough of New York City. The storm, which threatens 50 million people in the eastern third of the U.S., is expected to bring days of rain, high winds and possibly heavy snow. New York Governor Andrew Cuomo announced the closure of all New York City's bus, subway and commuter rail service as of Sunday evening. (Photo by Allison Joyce/Getty Images)
